Johns Hopkins HIV Guide
Virologic failure: When to modify therapy
DEFINITION
- Incomplete VL suppression or virologic rebound after complete suppression (a commonly accepted definition is an HIV RNA >200 c/mL) caused by failure of current ART regimen to maintain suppression.
- Not all elevated VL is from virologic failure (e.g., clonal expansion may lead to an elevated VL without therapeutic failure or an indication to change regimens).
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Last updated: January 10, 2025
Citation
Hoffmann, Christopher J, and Richard D. Moore, M.D., M.H.S. . "Virologic Failure: when to Modify Therapy." Johns Hopkins HIV Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2025. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545219/all/Virologic_failure:_When_to_modify_therapy.
Hoffmann CJ, R. Virologic failure: When to modify therapy. Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545219/all/Virologic_failure:_When_to_modify_therapy. Accessed September 27, 2025.
Hoffmann, C. J., & , R. (2025). Virologic failure: When to modify therapy. In Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545219/all/Virologic_failure:_When_to_modify_therapy
Hoffmann CJ, R. Virologic Failure: when to Modify Therapy [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. [cited 2025 September 27]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545219/all/Virologic_failure:_When_to_modify_therapy.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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Y1 - 2025/01/10/
BT - Johns Hopkins HIV Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545219/all/Virologic_failure:_When_to_modify_therapy
PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Johns Hopkins Guides
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