Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Gnathostomiasis
MICROBIOLOGY
- Human infection arises from the third larval stage of an immature nematode.
- Roundworm of vertebrate animals.
- Gnathostoma with 13 known species, 6 of which are known to cause human infection.
- Gnathostoma spinigerum or Gnathostoma hispidum is the usual species infecting humans.
- Others cause human disease: G. nipponicum, G. malaysiae, G. binucleatum and G. doloresi.
- The lifecycle includes intermediate/paratenic hosts (freshwater fish, eels, frogs, snakes and birds) and definitive hosts (domesticated pigs, cats, dogs and wild animals); see lifecycle.
- Food-borne parasites, humans are accidental hosts.
- Gnathostoma with 13 known species, 6 of which are known to cause human infection.
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Last updated: February 7, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Gnathostomiasis." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540684/all/Gnathostomiasis.
Auwaerter PG. Gnathostomiasis. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540684/all/Gnathostomiasis. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2023). Gnathostomiasis. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540684/all/Gnathostomiasis
Auwaerter PG. Gnathostomiasis [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540684/all/Gnathostomiasis.
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