Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease
PATHOGENS
- The most common etiologies of acute chest syndrome are:
- Unknown (46%)
- Infarction (16%)
- Fat embolism (9%)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae (7%)
- Mycoplasma pneumonia (7%)
- Viruses (6%)
- Respiratory syncytial virus (mostly in children)
- Parvovirus B19
- Rhinovirus
- Parainfluenza virus
- Influenza A or B
- Cytomegalovirus (primary infection)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (primary infection)
- Herpes simplex virus
- Adenovirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- Other bacteria (5%)
- Rare causes: Mycobacteria: M. tuberculosis, M. avium complex, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, Serratia marcescens
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Last updated: May 11, 2023
Citation
Lanzkron, Sophie. "Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540649/3.0/Acute_Chest_Syndrome_Sickle_Cell_Disease.
Lanzkron S. Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540649/3.0/Acute_Chest_Syndrome_Sickle_Cell_Disease. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Lanzkron, S. (2023). Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540649/3.0/Acute_Chest_Syndrome_Sickle_Cell_Disease
Lanzkron S. Acute Chest Syndrome/Sickle Cell Disease [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540649/3.0/Acute_Chest_Syndrome_Sickle_Cell_Disease.
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