PATHOGENS
- Frequency (based on 1779 cases 2000-03[1]):
- S. aureus: 32%
- Viridans streptococci: 18%
- Enterococcus: 11%
- Coagulase-negative staphylococcus: 11%
- Streptococcus bovis: 7%
- Streptococcus (other): 5%
- HACEK organisms [Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingii]: 2%
- Gram-negative bacilli: 2%
- Fungi: 2% [Candida species, Aspergillus species, (note: blood cultures rarely positive for aspergillus)].
- Culture negative: 8% [consider HACEK organisms, nutritionally deficient Streptococcus species ( e.g., Abiotrophia), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), Chlamydia psittaci, Mycoplasma spp., Legionella pneumophila, Bartonella species, Brucella species , Tropheryma whipplei.
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