Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
DEFINITION
- The breathing-related sleep disorders comprise breathing anomalies characterized by:
- Chronic or habitual snoring and upper airway resistance
- Hypoventilation, often in the context of a medical condition
- Breathing-related sleep disorders discussed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)[1] include obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea, central sleep apnea, and sleep-related hypoventilation.
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Last updated: August 29, 2025
Citation
Ghazikhanian, Stephen E, et al. "Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders." Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2025. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787086/2.2/Breathing_Related_Sleep_Disorders.
Ghazikhanian SE, Gauvin J, Neubauer D. Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders. Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787086/2.2/Breathing_Related_Sleep_Disorders. Accessed October 8, 2025.
Ghazikhanian, S. E., Gauvin, J., & Neubauer, D. (2025). Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders. In Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787086/2.2/Breathing_Related_Sleep_Disorders
Ghazikhanian SE, Gauvin J, Neubauer D. Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. [cited 2025 October 08]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787086/2.2/Breathing_Related_Sleep_Disorders.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
ID - 787086
A1 - Ghazikhanian,Stephen,M.D.
AU - Gauvin,Jean,Ph.D., M.D.
AU - Neubauer,David,M.D.
Y1 - 2025/08/29/
BT - Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787086/2.2/Breathing_Related_Sleep_Disorders
PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Johns Hopkins Guides
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
