Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide.
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DEFINITION
- Narcolepsy is characterized by impaired sleep and wakefulness, along with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities.
- The clinical pentad includes the following, although only 10% of those affected will have all 5 symptoms:
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Hallucinations occurring at the transition from wakefulness to sleep (hypnagogic)
- Sleep paralysis
- Cataplexy
- Disrupted nocturnal sleep
- The most disabling symptoms are daytime inattention and hypersomnolence.
- Especially during sedentary activities
- Sometimes with irrepressible sleep attacks
- Cataplexy is a brief (usually less than 2 minutes) symmetrical sudden loss of muscle tone with preserved consciousness, typically precipitated by strong emotions (especially laughter).
- Episodes may range from very subtle (e.g., neck or jaw weakness) to complete collapse.
- Type 1 narcolepsy requires the presence of cataplexy or decreased CSF hypocretin (orexin) levels.
- Type 2 narcolepsy involves abnormalities evident upon nighttime and daytime sleep laboratory testing.
- Narcolepsy is classified under the Sleep-Wake Disorders section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)[1].
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
DEFINITION
- Narcolepsy is characterized by impaired sleep and wakefulness, along with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities.
- The clinical pentad includes the following, although only 10% of those affected will have all 5 symptoms:
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Hallucinations occurring at the transition from wakefulness to sleep (hypnagogic)
- Sleep paralysis
- Cataplexy
- Disrupted nocturnal sleep
- The most disabling symptoms are daytime inattention and hypersomnolence.
- Especially during sedentary activities
- Sometimes with irrepressible sleep attacks
- Cataplexy is a brief (usually less than 2 minutes) symmetrical sudden loss of muscle tone with preserved consciousness, typically precipitated by strong emotions (especially laughter).
- Episodes may range from very subtle (e.g., neck or jaw weakness) to complete collapse.
- Type 1 narcolepsy requires the presence of cataplexy or decreased CSF hypocretin (orexin) levels.
- Type 2 narcolepsy involves abnormalities evident upon nighttime and daytime sleep laboratory testing.
- Narcolepsy is classified under the Sleep-Wake Disorders section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)[1].
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Last updated: May 13, 2022
Citation
Speed, Traci, et al. "Narcolepsy." Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide, 2022. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787085/all/Narcolepsy.
Speed T, Dougherty, III JW, Neubauer D. Narcolepsy. Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. 2022. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787085/all/Narcolepsy. Accessed March 26, 2023.
Speed, T., Dougherty, III , J. W., & Neubauer, D. (2022). Narcolepsy. In Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787085/all/Narcolepsy
Speed T, Dougherty, III JW, Neubauer D. Narcolepsy [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. ; 2022. [cited 2023 March 26]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787085/all/Narcolepsy.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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AU - Neubauer,David,M.D.
Y1 - 2022/05/13/
BT - Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787085/all/Narcolepsy
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