Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
DEFINITION
- Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), formally known as dysmorphophobia, involves a preoccupation with an exaggerated perceived flaw in physical appearance resulting in repetitive behaviors that impair daily functioning.[1]
- Concerns about physical appearance are intrusive, time-consuming, and cause significant distress or impairment.
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Last updated: April 12, 2025
Citation
Im, Carolyn H, and Anne E Ruble. "Body Dysmorphic Disorder." Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2025. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787060/all/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder.
Im CH, Ruble AE. Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787060/all/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder. Accessed October 4, 2025.
Im, C. H., & Ruble, A. E. (2025). Body Dysmorphic Disorder. In Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787060/all/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder
Im CH, Ruble AE. Body Dysmorphic Disorder [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2025. [cited 2025 October 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787060/all/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Body Dysmorphic Disorder
ID - 787060
A1 - Im,Carolyn,
AU - Ruble,Anne,M.D., M.P.H.
Y1 - 2025/04/12/
BT - Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787060/all/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder
PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Johns Hopkins Guides
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
