Johns Hopkins HIV Guide
Toxoplasmosis
PATHOGENS
- Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan.
- Environmental exposure to oocysts in cat feces or food exposure, i.e., undercooked meat containing tissue cysts or contaminated raw shellfish, leads to infection.[12]
- Infection lifelong; disease most often due to reactivation of latent tissue cysts. Acute toxoplasmosis, encephalitis or disseminated disease, less often identified.[5]
- No person-to–person transmission.
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
Last updated: January 13, 2021
Citation
Spacek, Lisa A. "Toxoplasmosis." Johns Hopkins HIV Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2021. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545207/all/Toxoplasmosis.
Spacek LA. Toxoplasmosis. Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2021. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545207/all/Toxoplasmosis. Accessed October 13, 2025.
Spacek, L. A. (2021). Toxoplasmosis. In Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545207/all/Toxoplasmosis
Spacek LA. Toxoplasmosis [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2021. [cited 2025 October 13]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545207/all/Toxoplasmosis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Toxoplasmosis
ID - 545207
A1 - Spacek,Lisa,M.D., Ph.D.
Y1 - 2021/01/13/
BT - Johns Hopkins HIV Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545207/all/Toxoplasmosis
PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Johns Hopkins Guides
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
