Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients
DEFINITION
- Use of ART in pts with hx of virologic failure on previous regimen(s).[7]
- Virologic suppression: confirmed viral load (VL) below lower limit of detection (LLOD) of assay.
 - Virologic failure: inability to achieve or maintain VL < 200 copies/ml. 
- Incomplete virologic response: two consecutive VL > 200 c/ml after 6 months on ART without documented viral suppression.
 - Rebound: confirmed VL above the level of detection (>20 or >50 c/mL) after achievement of viral suppression.
 
 - Low-level viremia: confirmed VL detectable above LLOD and < 200 c/ml.
 - Immunologic failure: failure to achieve and maintain adequate CD4 increase despite viral suppression.
 
 
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Last updated: March 7, 2020
Citation
Spacek, Lisa A. "Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients." Johns Hopkins HIV Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2020. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545010/all/Antiretroviral_Therapy:_Treatment_Experienced_Patients. 
Spacek LA. Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients. Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2020. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545010/all/Antiretroviral_Therapy:_Treatment_Experienced_Patients. Accessed November 3, 2025.
Spacek, L. A. (2020). Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients. In Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545010/all/Antiretroviral_Therapy:_Treatment_Experienced_Patients
Spacek LA. Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2020. [cited 2025 November 03]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545010/all/Antiretroviral_Therapy:_Treatment_Experienced_Patients.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY  -  ELEC
T1  -  Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-Experienced Patients
ID  -  545010
A1  -  Spacek,Lisa,M.D., Ph.D.
Y1  -  2020/03/07/
BT  -  Johns Hopkins HIV Guide
UR  -  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545010/all/Antiretroviral_Therapy:_Treatment_Experienced_Patients
PB  -  The Johns Hopkins University
DB  -  Johns Hopkins Guides
DP  -  Unbound Medicine
ER  -  

Johns Hopkins HIV Guide

