DEFINITION

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease.
• Destruction of insulin producing beta-cells by T cells renders patients insulin-deficient.
• Exogenous insulin is therefore required for T1DM management of hyperglycemia and to prevent ketoacidosis[28].
• Several immunomodulating therapies have been investigated in research studies over the last decades with the goal of preventing, postponing or reversing the onset of T1DM by slowing or stopping the immune-mediated destruction of beta-cells.