Cancer and Diabetes

Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Ph.D., Frederick Brancati, M.D., M.H.S.
Cancer and Diabetes is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide.

To view the entire topic, please or purchase a subscription.

Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound Medicine. Johns Hopkins Guide App for iOS, iPhone, iPad, and Android included. Explore these free sample topics:

Johns Hopkins Guides

-- The first section of this topic is shown below --

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Incident Cancer:

  • Diabetes associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma[20] and cancer of breast,[26] colorectum,[33] endometrium,[25] liver[29], and pancreas[34].
  • Negatively associated with risk of prostate cancer[28].
  • Hypotheses about possible link between diabetes and cancer include:
    • Insulin is known to stimulate cell proliferation[35].
    • Hyperglycemia promotes tumor growth[39][21].
    • Shared risk factors such as obesity[35], diet, physical inactivity[35], hepatitis C[22], NAFLD[30].

Diabetes and cancer death

  • Diabetes associated with:
    • increased risk of death from colon and pancreatic cancer in both men and women;
    • increased risk of death from liver and bladder cancers in men,
    • increased risk of death from breast cancer in women[38]
  • Also reported positive associations with death from:
    • esophagus, liver, and colon/rectum cancers in men, and
    • liver and cervix cancers in women[36]

Diabetes in Cancer Patients

  • Meta-analyses showed diabetes associated with an increased mortality in patients with any cancer [HR of 1.44], cancers of the endometrium (HR, 1.76), breast (HR, 1.61), colorectum (HR, 1.32), and prostate[13][10].
  • Meta-analysis showed diabetes associated with increased odds of postoperative mortality across all cancer types [HR=1.5][13].
  • Hyperglycemia associated with shorter duration of complete remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia[37].
  • Hyperglycemia associated with shorter survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma[17].

Diabetes and Prostate Cancer

  • Negatively associated with risk of prostate cancer[28].
  • Androgen deprivation therapy causes changes in body composition, alterations in lipid profiles, and decreased insulin sensitivity[11].
  • Androgen deprivation therapy significantly increased risk for diabetes mellitus[18].

Obesity and Cancer

  • A meta-analysis[23] showed BMI strongly associated with:
    • oesophageal adenocarcinoma (RR 1.52), thyroid (RR 1.33), colon (RR 1.24), and renal (RR 1.24) cancers. (all p< 0.001 )
    • endometrial (RR 1.59), gallbladder (RR 1.59), esophageal (RR 1.51), and renal (RR 1.34) cancers in women. (all p< 0.05)
    • weaker positive associations with cancer and malignant melanoma in men
  • Patients with gastric bypass surgery had a lower risk of cancer incidence and mortality compared to severely obese patients[27][19]

-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please or purchase a subscription --

Last updated: June 24, 2013

Citation

* When formatting your citation, note that all book, journal, and database titles should be italicized* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC T1 - Cancer and Diabetes ID - 547023 A1 - Yeh,Hsin-Chieh,Ph.D. AU - Brancati,Frederick,M.D., M.H.S. Y1 - 2013/06/24/ PB - Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547023/all/Cancer_and_Diabetes ER -