Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes
DESCRIPTION
- 4 autoantibodies are markers of beta cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes: islet cell antibodies (ICA, against cytoplasmic proteins in the beta cell), antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and IA-2A, to protein tyrosine phosphatase[2].
- Autoantibodies against GAD 65 are found in 80% of patients with type 1 diabetes at clinical presentation[3].
- Presence of ICA and IA-2A at diagnosis for type 1 diabetes range from 69-90% and 54-75%, respectively[11].
- IAA prevalence correlates inversely with age at onset of diabetes; it is usually the first marker in young children at risk for diabetes [17] and found in approximately 70% of young children at time of diagnosis[1].
- In the Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program 2000 workshop, the ELISA for the insulin autoantibody (IAA) assay ranged in sensitivity of 4-42%; the standardization of the insulin antibody assay continues to be more challenging than for GAD or IA-2A antibodies[16].
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Last updated: July 4, 2020
Citation
, Sudipa Sarkar, and Thomas Donner. "Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes." Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide, 2020. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547013/all/Autoantibodies_in_Type_1_Diabetes.
S, Donner T. Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes. Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide. 2020. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547013/all/Autoantibodies_in_Type_1_Diabetes. Accessed June 7, 2023.
, S., & Donner, T. (2020). Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes. In Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547013/all/Autoantibodies_in_Type_1_Diabetes
S, Donner T. Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide. ; 2020. [cited 2023 June 07]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547013/all/Autoantibodies_in_Type_1_Diabetes.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes
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Y1 - 2020/07/04/
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DB - Johns Hopkins Guides
DP - Unbound Medicine
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