Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Upper Respiratory Infections
PATHOGENS
- Many viral pathogens may cause upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), > 200 known; below is only a partial listing:
- Bacterial causes are less common than viral
- Streptococcus pneumonia
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Chlamydophilapneumoniae
- Consider, especially in outbreak settings
- For travelers within 14d, if appropriate
- MERS (Arabian Penisula)
- Avian influenza (SE Asia)
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Coccidioides immitis
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Last updated: February 4, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Upper Respiratory Infections." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540570/1/Upper_Respiratory_Infections.
Auwaerter PG. Upper Respiratory Infections. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540570/1/Upper_Respiratory_Infections. Accessed November 3, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2023). Upper Respiratory Infections. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540570/1/Upper_Respiratory_Infections
Auwaerter PG. Upper Respiratory Infections [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 03]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540570/1/Upper_Respiratory_Infections.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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