Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Rubella
MICROBIOLOGY
- RNA togavirus, genus Rubivirus.
- Considerable viral diversity: WHO recognizes 12 genotypes.
- Worldwide infection, with only human reservoirs known.
- Epidemic in Japan (2013-19, ongoing), primarily boys and men born before 1995 (start of national immunization program for boys).
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Last updated: March 18, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul. "Rubella." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540489/all/Rubella.
Auwaerter P. Rubella. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540489/all/Rubella. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. (2023). Rubella. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540489/all/Rubella
Auwaerter P. Rubella [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540489/all/Rubella.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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