Influenza, Avian
PATHOGENS
- Categorized according to the ability to kill chickens in a laboratory setting:
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI):
- Influenza (H5N1), avian first detected in Chinese geese in 1996
- Occasional human pathogen since 1997
- Since 2003, the WHO has reported 860 H5N1 human avian influenza cases in 19 countries (mostly SE Asia), with a mortality rate of ~50%.
- H5 avian influenza infection in man from Colorado (CDC, April 2022) with direct poultry exposure; extensive avian influenza among poultry flocks and wild birds in N. America in 2021-2022.
- Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI):
- Most influenza A H5 types (except H5N1 as above)
- H5N6 may be an exception; WHO has 36 cases reported to date in 2021, with 21 deaths.
- Most influenza A H7 types
- H7N9 (2013-14, 2016-17 China) appears to cause severe human infection (mortality rate ~40%).
- Types H7N2, H7N3, and H7N7 cause mild-moderate occasional human infection
- H9N2 (rare human illness, mild), 100 people since 1998, predominantly SE Asia, Egypt, the Arabian peninsula, India, Pakistan and Senegal.
- H6: one human infection in Taiwan (2013)
- H10: three occurrences since 2004 in humans (Egypt, Australia, China)
- Most influenza A H5 types (except H5N1 as above)
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI):
- CDC (2021): considers risks for outbreaks of HPAI H5 or H7 viruses in poultry or wild birds as low.
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Last updated: March 6, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Influenza, Avian." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540288/all/Influenza__Avian.
Auwaerter PG. Influenza, Avian. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540288/all/Influenza__Avian. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2023). Influenza, Avian. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540288/all/Influenza__Avian
Auwaerter PG. Influenza, Avian [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2023 June 02]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540288/all/Influenza__Avian.
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