Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Endocarditis, Prosthetic valve
PATHOGENS
Some typical distributions of common prosthetic valve infectious endocarditis (PVIE) pathogens:
- Early < 2 mos following valvular surgery:
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (25%)
- S. aureus (30%)
- Streptococci (2%)
- Enterococci (8%)
- S. bovis (2%)
- Fungal (9%)
- Gram-negative bacilli (6%)
- Late >2 mos after valvular surgery:
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (20%)
- S. aureus (18%)
- Streptococci (12%)
- Enterococci (13%)
- S. bovis (7%)
- Fungal (11%)
- Gram-negative bacilli (1%)
- Nosocomial:
- S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus)
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci
- Enterococcus
- Candida spp.
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Last updated: May 17, 2024
Citation
Fabre, Valeria. "Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valve." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540194/all/Endocarditis_Prosthetic_valve.
Fabre V. Endocarditis, Prosthetic valve. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540194/all/Endocarditis_Prosthetic_valve. Accessed October 30, 2025.
Fabre, V. (2024). Endocarditis, Prosthetic valve. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540194/all/Endocarditis_Prosthetic_valve
Fabre V. Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valve [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. [cited 2025 October 30]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540194/all/Endocarditis_Prosthetic_valve.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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PB - The Johns Hopkins University
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