Ehrlichia species
Ehrlichia species is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Cause of tick-borne infection in humans; obligate intracellular pathogens that infect human macrophages and monocytes.
- Species described as causing human infection:
- Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME): due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, transmitted by Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick, Fig 1) and possibly other tick vectors such as Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick).
- Lone star is the most common cause of tick bite in southern U.S. Tick generally in woodland habitats with white-tail deer (thought to be main reservoir).
- E. ewingii (Ee): canine pathogen that rarely infects humans, infection now termed "human ewingii ehrlichiosis [HEE]."
- Human cases increasingly described over wider range (10 states), though most to date in Missouri.
- E. muris: human infection noted in Europe, Russia, Japan/Asia and described in Western U.S. Occurs via tick vector Ixodes persulcatus complex.
- Ehrlichia species Wisconsin: recently identified[9], close relative of E. muris; likely vector is the Ixodes scapularis tick (same as HGA and B. burgdorferi).
- Sero-crossreactivity seen with antibodies to E. chaffeensis which may confuse accurate diagnosis.
- Existing PCR primers for E. chaffeensis and E. ewingii may fail to detect.
- Usually described as E. muris-like (EML) agent in the literature.
- Cases to date described in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
- Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME): due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, transmitted by Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick, Fig 1) and possibly other tick vectors such as Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick).
- See separate module for human granulocytic anaplasmosis [HGA] (formerly called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) caused by the distantly related organism, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) and on the West Coast, the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in the same distribution as Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi).
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Last updated: July 31, 2016
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul. "Ehrlichia Species." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2016. Johns Hopkins Guide, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540185/all/Ehrlichia_species.
Auwaerter P. Ehrlichia species. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2016. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540185/all/Ehrlichia_species. Accessed December 12, 2019.
Auwaerter, P. (2016). Ehrlichia species. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. Available from https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540185/all/Ehrlichia_species
Auwaerter P. Ehrlichia Species [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2016. [cited 2019 December 12]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540185/all/Ehrlichia_species.
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