Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Yeast-like, round fungus; usual size is 5-10µm with polysaccharide capsule [Fig].
- Reproduces by narrow-based budding.
- Epidemiology: worldwide in soil, high levels in pigeon droppings (but this relevance is questionable for human disease).
- Two species:
- C. neoformans historically divided into 4 serotypes (A to D) described based upon the capsule components with 2 species and 2 varieties causing human disease. Now based on genotypic evaluation, proposed:
- Serotype A: now known as C. neoformans v. grubii
- Serotypes B and C: C. gattii
- Serotype D: C. neoformans v. neoformans (most common) and worldwide in distribution
- C. gattii: more recently detected and seen primarily in Australia, Western Canada and northwestern U.S. (Washington and Oregon).
- Clinical presentation and diagnosis and treatment are the same as with C. neoformans.
- Differences from C. neoformans include higher attack rates in healthy hosts, and worse prognosis.
- Appears more resistant to fluconazole.
- True extent of infection/epidemiology not known.
- C. neoformans historically divided into 4 serotypes (A to D) described based upon the capsule components with 2 species and 2 varieties causing human disease. Now based on genotypic evaluation, proposed:
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Last updated: February 5, 2019
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G, and John G Bartlett. "Cryptococcus." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2019. Johns Hopkins Guide, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540147/all/Cryptococcus.
Auwaerter PG, Bartlett JG. Cryptococcus. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540147/all/Cryptococcus. Accessed November 21, 2019.
Auwaerter, P. G., & Bartlett, J. G. (2019). Cryptococcus. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. Available from https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540147/all/Cryptococcus
Auwaerter PG, Bartlett JG. Cryptococcus [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. [cited 2019 November 21]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540147/all/Cryptococcus.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Cryptococcus
ID - 540147
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AU - Bartlett,John,M.D.
Y1 - 2019/02/05/
BT - Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
UR - https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540147/all/Cryptococcus
PB - The Johns Hopkins University
DB - Johns Hopkins Guide
DP - Unbound Medicine
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