Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Botulism
PATHOGENS
- Clostridia produces human pathogenic neurotoxins types A, B, E, F and G.
- Known botulinum toxin-producing strains include:
- C. botulinum
- C. butyricum
- C. baratii
- Also, see Clostridium botulinum module
- Known botulinum toxin-producing strains include:
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Last updated: April 16, 2023
Citation
Auwaerter, Paul G. "Botulism." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540064/all/Botulism.
Auwaerter PG. Botulism. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540064/all/Botulism. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Auwaerter, P. G. (2023). Botulism. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540064/all/Botulism
Auwaerter PG. Botulism [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540064/all/Botulism.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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