Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins HIV Guide.
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MICROBIOLOGY
- Spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive rod.
- Produces toxins A and B, which bind to specific receptors in colon. Toxins attack Rho proteins, disrupting actin formation and causing cell death.
- Studies show that toxin B, not toxin A, is essential for virulence.
- Spores contaminate hands and hospital environment. Alcohol and other antiseptic hand rubs may be ineffective in killing spores. Hand-washing physically removes spores.
- A hypervirulent strain (NAP1/B1/027) produces higher levels of toxins A and B and is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, more severe disease, and higher mortality.
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
MICROBIOLOGY
- Spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive rod.
- Produces toxins A and B, which bind to specific receptors in colon. Toxins attack Rho proteins, disrupting actin formation and causing cell death.
- Studies show that toxin B, not toxin A, is essential for virulence.
- Spores contaminate hands and hospital environment. Alcohol and other antiseptic hand rubs may be ineffective in killing spores. Hand-washing physically removes spores.
- A hypervirulent strain (NAP1/B1/027) produces higher levels of toxins A and B and is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, more severe disease, and higher mortality.
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Last updated: January 3, 2017
Citation
McKenzie, Robin. "Clostridium Difficile." Johns Hopkins HIV Guide, 2017. Johns Hopkins Guide, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545039/4.1/Clostridium_difficile.
McKenzie R. Clostridium difficile. Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. 2017. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545039/4.1/Clostridium_difficile. Accessed August 16, 2022.
McKenzie, R. (2017). Clostridium difficile. In Johns Hopkins HIV Guide https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545039/4.1/Clostridium_difficile
McKenzie R. Clostridium Difficile [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. ; 2017. [cited 2022 August 16]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545039/4.1/Clostridium_difficile.
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