DESCRIPTION

• Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of mineral content for a given bone area or volume.
• Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.
• Bone architecture consists of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) that form hydroxyapatite crystals, as well as type I collagen and other proteins.
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): BMD lower than age-matched healthy population; at higher risk for fracture compared to age-matched population[3].
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): BMD normal to higher than age-matched healthy population; may be at higher risk for fracture despite normal to high BMD[3][2].