Medication-Induced Disorders / Side Effects

DEFINITION

• Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
  • Set of symptoms that can occur after abrupt cessation (or marked reduction in dose) of an antidepressant taken continuously for at least 1 month
• Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism and other medication-induced Parkinsonism
  • Parkinsonian symptoms of mask-like facies, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait, and psychomotor retardation (bradykinesia) caused by antipsychotic or other medications
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  • Life-threatening emergency associated with the use of neuroleptic agents and characterized by a distinctive clinical syndrome of mental status change, rigidity, fever, and autonomic instability
• Medication-induced acute dystonia
  • Involuntary contractions of major muscle groups, characterized by symptoms such as torticollis, retrocollis, oculogyric crisis, and opisthotonos
• Medication-induced acute akathisia
  • Motor restlessness with a compelling urge to move and an inability to sit still
• Tardive dyskinesia
  • Hyperkinetic movement disorder that appears with a delayed onset after prolonged use of dopamine receptor blocking agents (e.g., neuroleptics)
• Tardive dystonia and tardive akathisia
  • Delayed onset of involuntary contractions of muscle groups (tardive dystonia) or motor restlessness (tardive akathisia)
• Medication-induced postural tremor
  • Tremor that occurs when one tries to hold a body part still, against the force of gravity
• Other medication-induced movement disorder
  • Medication-induced movement disorders not described above