Inhalant-Related Disorders

DEFINITION

Inhalant-use disorder is the intentional inhalation of volatile substances (e.g., solvents, aerosols, gases, nitrites) to achieve psychoactive effects.

Inhalants include[1]:

• Volatile anesthetics: i.e., isoflurane, chloroform, ether, halothane; enhances GABA and inhibits glutamanergic signals
• Nitrous oxide: Street names include "laughing gas" and "whippets"; enhances opioid and GABA signals, inhibits NMDA glutamate receptors.
• Alkyl nitrites: i.e., computer duster spray, hair spray; street name "poppers"; stimulates release of nitric oxide and activation of cGMP causing vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation, primarily used to enhance sexual experiences
• Volatile solvents: i.e., nail polish remover, glue, paint thinner, gasoline; most commonly abused class of inhalants

Signs and symptoms that suggest inhalant-use disorder include[2]:

• Use is maintained despite detrimental effects on social, occupational and educational responsibilities, as well as physical and mental health.
• Inhalants are used in greater quantities and for a longer duration despite efforts to decrease or quit.
• Craving to use inhalants