Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired)

Diarrhea, Acute (Community-Acquired) is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.

To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription.

Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound Medicine. Johns Hopkins Guide App for iOS, iPhone, iPad, and Android included. Explore these free sample topics:

Measles

Kidney Transplantation

Raltegravir

Major Depressive Disorder

-- The first section of this topic is shown below --

PATHOGENS

Common pathogens and causes: list is by no means exhaustive
- Bacterial
  - Campylobacter jejuni
  - Salmonella species
  - Shigella species
  - Yersinia spp. (non-plague)
  - Plesiomonas shigelloides(controversial)
  - Vibrio spp.
  - E. coli: multiple classified by mechanism; most important are enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC). The most common STEC is E. coli 0157:H7
  - Cryptosporidia and Isospora
  - Giardia lamblia
  - E. histolytica
  - C. difficile (increasing descriptions as community-acquired without obvious risk factors such as prior antibiotic exposure)
- Parasites: more typical to consider with diarrhea lasting > 14d.
- Viral:
  - Norovirus (a leading cause)
  - Adenovirus
  - Astrovirus
  - Coronavirus
  - Enterovirus
  - Calicivirus
  - Rotavirus
Non-infectious causes: adverse drug reactions, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), radiation or ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel overgrowth, laxative abuse, collagen colitis, tube feeding and endocrine disorders among others.

-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription --