Cholecystitis

Scott M. Smith, M.D., Christopher F. Carpenter, M.D.

PATHOGENS

Usually, inflammatory and noninfectious
If infectious, frequently polymicrobial. Leading pathogens:
- Gram Negatives:
  - Enterobacterales: E. coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species
  - Pseudomonas species are more common in hospital-acquired infections but also associated with community-acquired cholecystitis
- Gram Positives:
  - Enterococcus
- Anaerobes:
  - Clostridium and Bacteroides species
The pathogenic role of enterococci and anaerobes is not well defined, and empirical coverage is not usually required.
Organisms cultured from bile/gallbladder: unclear pathogenicity unless also recovered in blood

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