Cholangitis

Carmen DeMarco , M.D., Christopher F. Carpenter, M.D.

PATHOGENS

Frequently polymicrobial, usually gastrointestinal flora.
- E. coli (22-50%), Klebsiella species (15-20%), Enterobacter species (5-10%)
- Enterococcus (10-20%) and anaerobes (often of unclear relevance)
  - The pathogenic role of enterococci and anaerobes is not well defined, and empirical coverage for these organisms is not usually required.
Resistant pathogens may be encountered in patients with healthcare-associated infections or recent antibiotic use; empirical coverage should be adjusted accordingly.

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